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Ukrainian Ye
Ukrainian Ye (Є є; italics: ''Є'' ''є'') is a character of the Cyrillic script. It is considered as an individual letter of the modern Ukrainian alphabet (in 8th position row since 1992, and 7th position before that) and as a variant form of Ye (Е е) in modern Church Slavonic (where the selection of Є and Е is driven by orthography rules, see below). Until the mid-19th century, Є/є was also used in Serbian (the letter was eliminated in Vuk Karadžić's alphabet, and replaced by digraph је). Other modern Slavonic languages may use Є/є shapes instead of Е/е for decorative purposes. In these circumstances, the letter is usually referred to by the older name Yest, and the descriptive names long E, or anchor E.
In Ukrainian, Є/є commonly represents the sound or , like the pronunciation of in "yes". (See Usage for more detail.)
Ukrainian Ye is romanized as or . See Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic.
==History==
Letter Є/є was derived from one of variant forms of Cyrillic Ye (Е е), known as "long E" or "anchor E". Є-shaped letter can be found in late uncial (ustav) and semi-uncial (poluustav) Cyrillic manuscripts, especially ones of Ukrainian origin. Typically it corresponds to the letter Iotated E (Ѥ ѥ) of older monuments. Certain old primers and grammar books of Church Slavonic language had listed Є/є as a letter distinct from Е/е and placed it near the end of the alphabet (the exact alphabet position varies). Among modern-style Cyrillic scripts (known as "civil script" or "Petrine script"), Є/є was first used in Serbian books (end of the 18th century and first half of the 19th century); sometimes, Serbian printers might be using Э/э instead of Є/є due to font availability. For the modern Ukrainian language, Є/є is used since 1837 (orthography of almanach "Русалка Днѣстровая"). In Cyrillic numerals, Є is always preferred to E to represent 5.
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